Grasp statistics by making conclusions about large groups using a random sample. Assess if a model aligns with the outcomes from a particular process, like questioning a model when a coin lands on tails five times consecutively.

Understand the roles and variances among surveys, experiments, and observational studies, and how randomness contributes to each. Utilize information from a sample survey to estimate large-scale averages or ratios, and generate a error range using simulation models for random sampling.

Employ data from a randomized experiment to contrast two methods; use simulations to determine if variances between parameters are substantial. Critically assess reports based on data.