Understand and express multiplication equations as comparisons, such as interpreting 35 = 5 × 7 as 35 being 5 times greater than 7 and 7 times greater than 5. Translate verbal statements into multiplication equations. Solve comparison-related word problems using multiplication or division by creating visual representations and identifying the difference between multiplicative and additive comparisons. Tackle multistep whole number problems with whole-number solutions using the four operations, understanding how to handle remainders. Mentally verify answer plausibility using estimation and rounding.

Identify all factors of a number between 1-100 and recognize that each number is a multiple of its factors. Discern if a number between 1-100 is a multiple of a given single-digit number, as well as if it's prime or composite. Formulate numeric or geometric patterns based on a given rule, exploring and explaining any unconsciously inherent elements within the pattern. For instance, given the rule “Add 3” and the initial number 1, notice and reason out why the sequence alternates between odd and even numbers.